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fighting ships of the world

UNITED STATES NAVY (UNITED STATES OF AMERICA)

SUBMARINES

STURGEON nuclear powered submarines (1966 - 1975)

Finback 1970

Glenard P. Lipscomb 1974

Sturgeon 1979

Sturgeon 1990

Glenard P. Lipscomb 1990

Parche 2000

L. Mendel Rivers 2000

Project history: This is the largest class of submarines built by the United States since 1945; officially it was subdivided into Thresher/Permit and Sturgeon classes; the original name-ship, Thresher, was lost on diving trials on 10 April 1963. They combine a stronger hull for deeper diving with an advanced long-range BQQ-2 sonar and its associated SUBROC missile; diving depth is reportedly 400m. Later units were lengthened to permit die installation of a BQQ-5 sonar in place of BQQ-2; the extra space is free flooding, and underwater displacement rises by about 200t to 350t (SSN613-615 and most Sturgeon class submarines); ultimately all of these units will have BQQ-5. All will also ultimately receive the Mk 117 fire control system in place of their current Mk 113, providing facilities for Harpoon anti-ship missile control. However, since SUBROC is an analogue rather than a digital weapon, and Mk 117 is a fully digital fire control system, the long-range ASW capability (except as provided by the Mk 48 torpedo) is being lost. SSN613-615 were, in effect, prototype Sturgeons with heavier machinery, taller fins (6.1m rather than 4.2m or 4.6m), improved safety features ('Sub-safe' programme), and lengthened hulls.

    As officially described in 1979, Thresher class design compromises included a low sail, inadequate numbers of periscopes and antennas, and limited electronics. The reduced sail height was specifically accepted to minimize the speed loss, given the fixed reactor power of the S5W. The SSN637 class was considerably enlarged for a combination of quieting and additional electronics, as well as improved internal arrangements. Presumably the electronics was a combination of sonar signal processing and torpedo control, one control console being required for each wire-guided torpedo.

These submarines were intended primarily for ASW, with a large spherical sonar array filling their bows, and the torpedo battery, reduced to four tubes, moved aft to abreast the fin, firing diagonally from the hull. One advantage of this arrangement was that a large torpedo room could be provided, permitting a relatively easy choice of weapons for each tube. By the late 1060s, the submarine commander had a choice of long ASW torpedoes, nuclear torpedoes (Astor, or Mk 45, now retired), long anti-ship torpedoes, or SUBROC now there are Harpoon (first tested in Permit in 1976) and, very soon, Tomahawk. Unfortunately total weapon capacity was quite small, figures as low as twenty torpedoes in stowage being reported, so that this variety of weapons is very much a mixed blessing. Indeed, one advantage of the adoption of the Mk 48 torpedo was that it can replace both long ASW and long anti-ship weapons, and the Mk 45 was discarded partly because it consumed valuable space but was unlikely to be used in action.

    Since the power plant, the S5W, duplicated that of the earlier Skipjack, and the size of these submarines was much greater (by at least 800t), these ships were considerably slower. There were three attempts within this class id improve propulsion. Jack has contraprops on her single screw, an arrangement never duplicated. Narwhal has a natural convection powerplant (S5G rather than S5W); and Glenard P. Lipscomb had turbo-electric propulsion, both of the last two choices having been made for quietness.

Modernizations: 1970s-1980s, Hawkbill, Pintado, William H. Bates, Richard B. Russell and may be others: can carry DSRV submersible

early 1980s, Whale, Tautog, Grayling, Pogy, Aspro, Sunfish, Queenfish, Puffer, Sandlance, Gurnard, Hammerhead, Guitarro, Hawkbill, Bergall, Spadefish, Seahorse, Finback, Pintado, Flying Fish, Trepang, Silversides, William H. Bates, Batfish, Tunny, Cavalla, Mendel Rivers, Richard B. Russell, late 1980s, Sturgeon, Pargo, Ray, Lapon, Sea Devil, Bluefish, Billfish, Drum, Archerfish, Parche: + 4 Harpoon SSM (UGM-84) in place of other weapons

1980s, Sturgeon, Whale, Tautog, Grayling, Pogy, Aspro, Sunfish, Pargo, Queenfish, Puffer, Ray, Sandlance, Lapon, Gurnard, Hammerhead, Sea Devil, Guitarro, Hawkbill, Bergall, Spadefish, Seahorse, Finback, Pintado, Flying Fish, Trepang, Bluefish, Billfish, Drum, Glenard P. Lipscomb: - BQQ-2 sonar suite; + BQQ-5 sonar suite

1980s, almost all: - Mk 113 CCS; + Mk 117 CCS

1982-1992, Archerfish, Silversides, William H. Bates, Tunny, Cavalla, Mendel Rivers: can carry Dry Deck Shelters (DDS) for 16 SEALs and their SDV

1984, Guitarro, late 1980s, Sturgeon, Whale, Tautog, Grayling, Pogy, Aspro, Sunfish, Pargo, Queenfish, Puffer, Ray, Sandlance, Lapon, Gurnard, Hammerhead, Sea Devil, Hawkbill, Bergall, Spadefish, Seahorse, Finback, Pintado, Flying Fish, Trepang, Bluefish, Billfish, Drum, Archerfish, Silversides, William H. Bates, Batfish, Tunny, Parche, Cavalla, Mendel Rivers, Richard B. Russell: + up to 8 Tomahawk CruM (BGM-109) in place of other weapons

(1/1987 - 1991, Mare Island N Yd), Parche: was lengthened (122.4x9.65x10.7m, 6140/7140t), re-engined (S5W2 reactor, 20000hp, 15/30kts), crew was 147 men. She was equipped to recover objects from the sea bottom.

Naval service: No significant events.

Hawkbill with DSRV, 1971

Glenard P. Lipscomb 1980

Silversides with DDS, 1983

Pargo 1983

Narwhal 1987

Parche 2003

© Ivan Gogin, 2015