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Naval aviation and armaments

 

France - Naval aviation and armament

FRANCE - GUNS

Caliber,

 mm

Bore

length,

 mm

No

of

bores

Type of mount

Guns used

Year

Ships used on

Maximal

elevation

 angle, °

Shell

 mass, kg

Initial

velocity, m/s

Rate of fire

of one bore,

rounds per min

Fire range /

 AA rceiling, km
7.50 80.0 1 MAC 7.5mm MAC Mil 1931 MTB 80 0.009 850 400 0.55 / 0.4
7.50 80.0 1 Darne 7.5mm MAC Mil 1931 MTB 80 0.009 850 400 0.55 / 0.4
7.50 80.0 2 MAC 7.5mm MAC Mil 1931 MTB 80 0.009 850 400 0.55 / 0.4
7.50 80.0 4 MAC 7.5mm MAC Mil 1931 MTB 80 0.009 850 400 0.55 / 0.4
7.62 80.0 1 Browning M1919A4 .3`` Browning M1919A4 MG 1943 YP 80 0.010 854 250 0.6 / 0.4
7.71 66.0 1 Vickers MG 0.303`` Vickers Mk I MG 1940 some ~90 0.011 744 250 0.4 / 0.15
7.71 66.0 2 Vickers MG 0.303`` Vickers Mk I MG 1940 MTB ~90 0.011 744 250 0.4 / 0.15
7.71 82.0 1 Bren MG 0.303`` Bren Mk I MG 1939 launchers 90 0.011 744 250  
7.71 87.0 1 Lewis MG 0.303`` Lewis MG 1914 some ~90 0.011 744 100 - 150 0.4 / 0.15
7.71 87.0 2 Lewis MG 0.303`` Lewis MG 1914 some ~90 0.011 744 100 - 150 0.4 / 0.15
8.00 80.0 1 Hotchkiss MG 8mm Hotchkiss Mil   many 90        
8.00 80.0 2 Hotchkiss MG 8mm Hotchkiss Mil   many 90        
8.00 80.0 4 Hotchkiss MG 8mm Hotchkiss Mil   many 90        
12.7 62.2 1 Mk VI 0.5`` Vickers Mk III No. 3 MG 1926 Many ~90 0.038 768 150 - 200 0.7 / 0.3
12.7 62.2 2 Mk IV, V, VC 0.5`` Vickers Mk III No. 2 MG 1940 Many ~90 0.038 768 150 - 200 0.7 / 0.3
12.7 62.2 4 Mk I, I*, II, II*, III 0.5`` Vickers Mk III No. 1 MG 1940 Many ~90 0.038 768 150 - 200 0.7 / 0.3
12.7 90.0 1 Mk 3 0.5`` Browning M2 MG 1940 Lend-lease ships, escorts and boats 80 0.049 893 150 - 200 2.4 / 2.4
13.2 76.0 2 M1929 13.2mm Hotchkiss M1929 Mil 1935 many 90 0.052 800 200 7.2 / 4.2
13.2 76.0 4 M1929 13.2mm Hotchkiss M1929 Mil 1935 many 90 0.052 800 200 7.2 / 4.2
13.2 90.0 1 Browning 13.2mm Browning Mil 1940 many 80 0.052 893 150 - 200 2.4 / 2.4
20.0 65.0 1 MPLC/30 2cm FlaK 38 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 85 0.120 875 450 - 500 4.8 / 3.7
20.0 65.0 2 LM44U 2cm FlaK 38 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 78 0.120 875 450 - 500 4.8 / 3.7
20.0 65.0 4 Vierling L/38 2cm FlaK 38 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 90 0.120 875 450 - 500 4.8 / 3.7
20.0 70.0 1 Mk I, IA, II, IIA, IIA S/M, IIIA, VRCN, VIIA, VIIA* S/M 20 mm/70 Mk II (Oerlikon) 1941 Many 85 0.123 844 250 - 320 4.7 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk VIIIA 20 mm/70 Mk II (Oerlikon) 1942 Littoral combats 20 0.123 844 250 - 320 3.9
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 2 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1942 many 87 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 4 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1942 many 87 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 5 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1942 many 87 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 6 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1942 many 90 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 10 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1943 many 90 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 12 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1943 many 90 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 14 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1943 many 90 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 1 Mk 16 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1943 many 90 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 2 Mk V, VC, IX, XIA, XIIA 20 mm/70 Mk II (Oerlikon) 1945 CVE 85 0.123 844 250 - 320 4.7 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 2 Mk 20 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1944 many 90 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
20.0 70.0 2 Mk 24 20 mm/70 Oerlikon Mk 2, 3, 4 1944 many 90 0.123 844 450 4.4 / 3.0
25.0 60.0 1 M1938 25mm M1938 1940 many 85 0.250 900 110 - 120 7.5 / 5.5
25.0 60.0 2 M1938 25mm M1938 1940 many 85 0.250 900 110 - 120 7.5 / 5.5
37.0 20.0 5 M1885 37mm Hotchkiss M1885 revolver 1885 some old ships 15 0.505 442 32 2.8
37.0 23.0 1 M1884 37mm Hotchkiss M1884 1884 some old ships 15 0.505 442 20 2.8
37.0 48.0 2 M1935 37mm M1935 1936 FS 85 0.831 825 165 8.0 / 6.0
37.0 50.0 1 CA/SMCA M1925 37mm M1925 1927 many 80 0.725 850 30 - 42 7.2 / 5.5
37.0 50.0 2 CAD M1933 37mm M1933 1936 many 80 0.725 850 30 - 42 7.2 / 5.5
37.0 50.0 2 CAIL M1933 37mm M1933 1940 many 80 0.725 850 30 - 42 7.2 / 5.5
37.0 56.9 1 FlaK LM43 3.7cm FlaK M/43 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 90 0.644 820 180 6.5 / 4.8
37.0 56.9 1 FlaK LM44 3.7cm FlaK M/43 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 90 0.644 820 180 6.5 / 4.8
37.0 69.2 1 FlaK LM42 3.7cm FlaK M/42 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 90 0.644 845 180 6.6 / 4.9
37.0 69.2 2 Dopp FlaK LM42 3.7cm FlaK M/42 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 90 0.644 845 180 6.6 / 4.9
37.0 80.0 1 Ein LC/34 3.7cm SK C/30 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 80 0.748 1000 30 8.5 / 6.8
37.0 80.0 1 Ubts LC/39 3.7cm SK C/30U 1945 ex-German and rearmed submarines 90 0.748 1000 30 8.5 / 6.8
37.0 80.0 2 Dopp LC/30 3.7cm SK C/30 1945 ex-German and rearmed ships 85 0.748 1000 30 8.5 / 6.8
40.0 39.4 1 Mk VIII Vickers 2-pdr Mk VIII CLV (pompom) 1940 DD, TB, DE, FS, SC 70 0.910 585 96 - 98 3.5 / 3.0
40.0 39.4 1 Mk XVI Vickers 2-pdr Mk VIII ALV (pompom) 1940 DD, TB, DE, FS, SC 70 0.910 585 115 3.5 / 3.0
40.0 39.4 4 Mk VII Vickers 2-pdr Mk VIII CLV (pompom) 1942 DE 80 0.910 585 96 - 98 3.5 / 3.0
40.0 39.4 4 RP50 Mk VII*, Mk VII*P Vickers 2-pdr Mk VIII CHV, VIII CHV (U) (pompom) 1946 CVL 80 0.910 701 96 - 98 4.6 / 4.0
40.0 56.3 1 Mk 3 40 mm/56 Bofors Mk 1, 2 1943 BB, CV, CA, CL, DD, DE, FS, PC, SC 90 0.900 881 120 10.1 / 7.0
40.0 56.3 1 FlaK 28 4cm FlaK 28 1945 ex-German TB, MTB 90 0.955 850 120 - 240 8.8 / 6.8
40.0 56.3 2 Mk 1 40 mm/56 Bofors Mk 1,2 1942 DD, DE 90 0.900 881 120 10.1 / 7.0
40.0 56.3 4 Mk 2 40 mm/56 Bofors Mk 1, 2 1943 BB, CV, CL, DD, SL 90 0.900 881 120 10.1 / 7.0
47.0 40.0 1 M1885 47mm Hotchkiss M1885 1885 Many 25 1.50 574 20 5.9
47.0 40.0 1 Mk V HA Hotchkiss 3-pdr QF Mk I, II 1943 ex-British ships and craft 70 1.50 574 20 7.2 / ~4.0
47.0 50.0 1 M1902 47mm Hotchkiss M1902 1903 Many 30 1.50 785 25 ~7.5
47.0 50.0 1 M1902 AA 47mm Hotchkiss M1902 1915 Many 80 1.50 785 25 ~7.5 / 4.5
50.0 40.0 1 Tbts C/14 5cm/40 Tbts KL/40 1917 ex-German SS 30 1.75 656 10 6.2
57.0 40.0 1 Mk I, IV Hotchkiss 6-pdr / 8cwt QF Mk I, I*, I***, II 1943 FS 25 2.72 538 20 ~7.0
57.0 60.0 2 M1951 57mm/60 M1951 1952 BB, CL 94 2.96 865 120 13.0 / 5.5
65.0 50.0 1 M1888-91 65mm/50 M1888-91 1892 many 25 4.17 715 15 ~8.0
65.0 50.0 1 M1902 65mm/50 M1902 1903 many 25 4.17 800 15 ~9.0
66.0 50.0 1 Škoda K16 7cm/50 Škoda K16 1920 ex-Austrian CL, DD 20 4.50 880 10 - 15 9.1
66.0 50.0 1 Škoda K16 7cm/50 Škoda K16 1920 ex-Austrian CL, DD 90 4.50 880 10 - 15 10.0 / 6.1
75.0 34.5 1 M1897 75mm/34.5 M1897 1898 SC, PC, PGR, PS, MS 20 6.18 570 10 ~6.0
75.0 34.5 1 M1915 75mm/34.5 M1915 1916 DD, SS 80 6.18 570 10 ~7.0 / ~4.5
75.0 34.5 1 M1915-18 75mm/34.5 M1915-18 1919 DD, SS, SL, FS, ML 80 6.18 570 10 ~7.0 / ~4.5
75.0 34.5 1 M1925 75mm/34.5 M1925 1926 SS 80 6.18 570 10 ~7.0 / ~4.5
75.0 34.5 1 M1928 75mm/34.5 M1928 1929 SS 80 6.18 570 10 ~7.0 / ~4.5
75.0 50.0 1 M1922 75mm/50 M1922 1924 BB, CA, CL, DD 90 5.93 850 8 - 15 14.1 / 10.0
75.0 50.0 1 M1924 75mm/50 M1924 1925 CV, CA, DD, PGR 90 5.93 850 8 - 15 14.1 / 10.0
75.0 50.0 1 M1927 75mm/50 M1927 1928 AV, CL, CM, DD 90 5.93 850 8 - 15 14.1 / 10.0
75.0 62.5 1 M1908 75mm/62.5 M1908 1911 BB, ML 20 6.18 860 10 9.1
76.2 40.0 1 41-shiki 8 cm/40 41-shiki 1917 DD 30 5.67 680 15 10.7
76.2 40.0 1 3-shiki 8 cm/40 3-shiki 1917 DD 75 5.99 685 13 - 20 10.8 / 7.2
76.2 40.0 1 HA/LA Mk IX, IX*, IX** 12-pdr / 12cwt QF HA Mk V 1940 DD, FS 70 5.87 681 15 10.7 / 5.8
76.2 45.0 1 CP Mk V 12-pdr / 20cwt QF HA Mk I, I*, IB, IC, I*C, IE, SIE, II, III, IV, IVA 1943 SS 40 7.94 617 12 - 14 11.8
76.2 50.1 1 Mk 11 3``/50 Mk 10 1944 DE, PC, MS 85 5.90 823 15 - 20 13.4 / 9.3
76.2 50.1 1 Mk 20 3``/50 Mk 20 1944 DE, PC, MS 85 5.90 823 15 - 20 13.4 / 9.3
76.2 50.1 1 Mk 22 3``/50 Mk 21 1944 DE, PC, MS 85 5.90 823 15 - 20 13.4 / 9.3
88.0 30.0 1 Ubts.L 8.8cm/30 Ubts L/30 1918 SS 30 9.75 590 12 10.5
88.0 42.4 1 Ubts LC/35 8.8cm/45 SK C/35 1945 ex-German SS 30 9.00 700 15 12.0
88.0 45.0 1 MPLC/13 8.8cm FlaK L/45 1920 ex-German CL 70 10.0 650 15 11.8
90.0 24.0 1 M1891 90mm/24 M1877 1878 PC 20 8.30 490 5 ~5.0
90.0 50.0 1 M1926 90mm/50 M1926 1927 CA, CL, FS, NL 80 9.51 850 10 15.4 / 10.6
90.0 50.0 2 M1930 90mm/50 M1930 1931 CA, CL 80 9.51 850 10 15.4 / 10.6
100.0 34.0 1 M1936 100mm/34 M1936 1940 SS 30 14.9 ~510 10 ~10.0
100.0 45.0 1 M1892 100mm/45 M1892 1893 BC, FS 20 16.0 703 6 ~14.0
100.0 45.0 1 M1893 100mm/45 M1893 1894 CL, DD, PG 20 16.0 703 6 ~14.0
100.0 45.0 1 M1897 100mm/45 M1897 1898 CA, FS, PC, ML 20 16.0 703 6 ~14.0
100.0 45.0 1 M1897 Te 1917 100mm/45 M1897 Te 1917 1917 PGT, SS, SL, FS, PGR 20 16.0 703 6 ~14.0
100.0 45.0 1 M1917 100mm/45 M1917 1918 PGT, SS, SL, FS, PGR 20 16.0 703 10 ~14.0
100.0 45.0 1 M1925 100mm/45 M1925 1929 SS 70 14.5 760 10 15.8 / 9.5
100.0 45.0 1 M1927 100mm/45 M1927 1931 AV 85 15.0 755 10 15.8 / 10.0
100.0 45.0 2 M1930 100mm/45 M1930 1932 BB, CA 80 15.0 755 10 15.8 / 10.0
100.0 45.0 1 M1932 100mm/45 M1932 1936 FS 34 15.0 755 10 15.0
100.0 45.0 2 M1932 100mm/45 M1932 1936 TB, FS 34 15.0 755 10 15.0
100.0 45.0 2 M1933 100mm/45 M1933 1936 CL, TB, SL, FS 90 14.9 760 10 15.8 / 10.0
100.0 47.0 1 Škoda K10 10 cm/50 Škoda K10 1920 ex-Austrian CL 18 13.8 880 8 - 10 11.0
100.0 47.0 1 Škoda K11 Škoda K11 1920 ex-Austrian DD 18 13.8 880 8 - 10 11.0
100.0 47.0 1 OTO1938M 100mm/47 OTO 1938 1944 ex-Italian SS 32 13.8 840 8 - 10 12.6
100.0 55.0 2 M1945 100mm/55 M1945 1949 BB 80 13.3 855 20 - 25 17.3 / 11.3
101.6 40.5 1 CP Mk XXIII, XXIII*, XXIII** 4``/40 QF Mk XIX 1944 FF 60 15.9 396 15 8.9
101.6 44.4 1 CP Mk I 4``/45 BL Mk IX, IX*, IX** 1942 ex-British FS 30 14.1 800 10 - 12 12.7
101.6 45.0 1 HA Mk III, III*, III**, IV 4``/45 QF Mk V, V*, V**, V***, VC 1940 CVE, DD 80 14.1 728 10 - 15 12.7 / 9.4
101.6 45.0 2 Mk XIX 4``/45 QF Mk XVI, XVI* 1942 DE, FS 80 17.4 811 15 - 20 18.1 / 11.9
101.6 50.0 1 Mk 12 4``/50 Mk 9 1914 DD 20 15.0 884 8 - 9 14.6
105.0 41.9 1 MPLC/32 10.5cm SK C/32 1946 ex-German DD, FF, FS 50 15.1 785 15 15.2
105.0 41.9 1 MPLC/32 gE 10.5cm SK C/32 nS 1946 ex-German DD, TB, MS 70 15.1 785 15 15.2 / 9.5
105.0 41.9 1 Ubts LC/32 10.5cm SK C/32U 1947 ex-German MS 35 15.1 785 15 ~14
105.0 41.9 1 Ubts LC/36 10.5cm SK C/32U 1947 ex-German MS 30 15.1 785 15 ~13.5
105.0 41.9 1 8.8cm MPLC/30 10.5cm SK C/32 1946 ex-German DD, TB, FS, MS 80 15.1 785 15 15.2 / 10.3
105.0 45.0 1 Tbts LC/16 10.5cm Tbts L/45 1920 ex-German DD, MS 50 14.7 890 15 ~14
105.0 45.0 1 Ubts LC/16 10.5cm Ubts L/45 1918 ex-German SS 50 14.7 890 15 ~14
120.0 40.0 1 41-shiki 12 cm/40 41-shiki 1917 DD 20 20.4 660 5 - 6 9.1
120.0 40.0 1 P Mk III, IV, IV*, VII, VIII 4.7``/40 QF Mk IVA, IVB 1917 PC 20 20.4 675 5 - 6 9.0
120.0 45.0 1 CP Mk XIV, XVI 4.7``/45 QF Mk IX, IX*, IX**, IX**A, IX**B 1943 DD 30 22.7 808 7 - 10 14.0
127.0 38.0 1 Mk 30 Mod. 80 5``/38 Mk 12 1945 CVE 27 28.7 792 12 - 15 13.8
127.0 54.0 2 M1948 127 mm/54 M1948 1956 CL 80 31.8 808 15 - 18 22.0 / 9.0
128.0 42.4 1 MPLC/34 12.7cm SK C/34 1946 ex-German DD 30 28.0 830 8 - 12 17.4
130.0 40.0 1 M1919 130mm/40 M1919 1926 DD 36 34.9 725 4 - 5 18.9
130.0 40.0 1 M1924 130mm/40 M1924 1927 DD 35 34.9 725 5 - 6 18.7
130.0 45.4 2 M1932 130mm/45 M1932 1937 CB, CV 75 32.1 800 10 - 12 20.9 / 12.0
130.0 45.4 4 M1932 130mm/45 M1932 1937 CB 75 32.1 800 10 - 12 20.9 / 12.0
130.0 45.4 2 M1935 130mm/45 M1935 1939 DD 35 32.1 800 10 ~18.0
138.6 30.0 1 M1884 138.6mm/30 M1884 1885 CL 25 36.5 ~500 ~3 ~10.0
138.6 40.0 1 M1923 138.6mm/40 M1923 1929 DD 35 40.6 700 5 - 6 18.2
138.6 40.0 1 M1927 138.6mm/40 M1927 1930 CM, DD, SL 28 40.6 700 12 - 15 16.6
138.6 45.0 1 M1888-91 138.6mm/45 M1888-91 1895 BB 25 36.5 725 4 15.0
138.6 45.0 1 M1891 138.6mm/45 M1891 1895 CA 25 36.5 725 4 15.0
138.6 45.0 1 M1893 138.6mm/45 M1893 1897 CA, CL, SL, FS 25 36.5 725 4 15.0
138.6 50.0 1 M1929 138.6mm/50 M1929 1935 DD 30 40.6 800 12 20.0
138.6 50.0 2 M1934 138.6mm/50 M1934 1938 DD 30 40.6 800 6 - 7.5 20.0
138.6 55.0 1 M1910 138.6mm/55 M1910 1913 BB, FS 15, later 25 39.5 790 5 - 6 15.0, later 16.1
145.0 45.0 1 M1910 145mm/45 M1910 1915 FS 36 36.0 755 4 - 5 14.8
149.1 42.2 1 MPLC/17 15cm Tbts KL/45 1920 AMC, ex-German DD 30 45.3 680 4 - 5 14.5
149.1 42.4 1 MPLC/13 15cm SK L/45 1920 AMC, ex-German CL 19 45.3 835 5 - 7 13.5
149.1 42.4 1 MPLC/17 15cm Ubts+Tbts KL/45 1918 ex-German SS 30 45.3 680 4 - 5 14.5
149.1 45.7 1 Tbts LC/36 15cm Tbts K C/36 1946 ex-German DD 30 40.0 875 7 22.0
149.1 45.7 2 Drh LC/38 15cm Tbts KC/36T 1946 ex-German DD 65 40.0 875 8 23.5
152.4 55.1 3 M1930 152.4mm/55 M1930 1935 CL 45 54.2 870 7 - 8 26.5
152.4 55.1 3 M1936 152.4mm/55 M1936 1940 BB 75 later 85 54.2 870 7 - 8 26.5 / 15.0
155.0 50.0 1 M1920 155mm/50 M1920 1926 CV, CL 40 56.5 850 3 - 5 26.1
164.7 45.0 1 M1893 164.7mm/45 M1893 1896 CL 25 52.0 770 3 15.4
164.7 45.0 1 M1893-96 164.7mm/45 M1893-96 1900 CA 25 52.0 770 3 15.4
164.7 45.0 1 M1893-96M 164.7mm/45 M1893-96M 1906 BB, CA 25 52.0 770 3 15.4
164.7 45.0 2 M1893-96M 164.7mm/45 M1893-96M 1906 BB 25 52.0 770 3 15.4
194.0 40.0 1 M1893 194mm/40 M1893 1896 CA 25 89.5 ~760 ~2.5 ~18.0
194.0 40.0 1 M1893-96 194mm/40 M1893-96 1899 CA 25 89.5 ~760 ~2.5 ~18.0
194.0 50.0 1 M1902 194mm/50 M1902 1905 BB, CA 25 89.5 945 ~2.5 26.0
194.0 50.0 2 M1902 194mm/50 M1902 1905 CA 25 89.5 945 ~2.5 26.0
203.0 50.0 2 M1924 203mm/50 M1924 1928 CA 45 134 820 4 - 5 30.0
203.0 50.0 2 M1924 203mm/50 M1924 1932 SS 30 134 820 3 ~25.0
203.0 55.7 2 M1931 203mm/55 M1931 1933 CA 45 134 840 4 - 5 31.0
240.0 40.0 1 M1893 240mm/40 M1893 1895 CL 25 220 640 2 ~20.0
240.0 48.9 2 M1902-06 240mm/50 M1902-06 1911 BB 45 220 800 2 23.8
274.4 40.0 1 M1893-96 274mm/40 M1893-96 1898 BB 45 263 815 1.5 21.7
274.4 45.0 1 M1887 274mm/45 M1887 1893 BB 45 263 780 1.5 24.4
305.0 40.0 2 M1893-96M 305mm/40 M1893-96M 1895 BB 18 349 815 1 ~18
305.0 44.6 2 M1906 305mm/45 M1906 1911 BB 18 432 783 1.5 - 2 ~22
305.0 44.6 2 M1906-10 305mm/45 M1906-10 1913 BB 23 432 783 1.5 - 2 26.3
305.0 45.0 1 M1887 305mm/45 M1887 1888 BB, BC 18 349 780 1 ~18
330.0 52.0 4 M1931 330mm/50 M1931 1937 CB 35 560 870 1.5 - 3 41.7
340.0 45.8 2 M1912 340mm/45 M1912 1915 BB 12 later 23 575 780 2 14.5 later 26.6
380.0 45.4 4 M1935 380mm/45 M1935 1940 BB 35 884 830 1.5 - 2.2 41.7
381.0 45.3 4 M1935 380mm/45 M1935 1943 BB 35 879 800 1.5 - 2.2 41.7

 

© Ivan Gogin, 2009